A camera lens hood is a cylindrical plastic piece, rubber, or metal that fixs over your lens to prevent light from shining directly into it. The hood may screw onto the front of the lens or many hoods are linked to the lens and can slide out like a sleeve.
When I first got my DSLR camera I had no clue what a lens hood was. I purchased my camera used from a friend. It had two lenses. One of the lenses had a hood. I do not ever used the lens hood at first. Yes, I had a film SLR camera when I was younger and I should have known what a camera lens hood was, but I never used one hood then either. Eventually I decided to use the hood to see if it made a variation and it did. Now I use my camera lens hood regularly.
Hoods may come in many different shapes and lengths. They are normally cylindrical, but they can also be square. The edge of the hood can be straight or flowered. Flowering of the edge should aid prevent vignetting when the hood is on correctly. Hoods are made for each type of lens. Ensure you use the hood that was made to be used with your lens. If you use another hood you might get troubles, like vignetting.
Digital Photography Basic principles - Enhance Your Photos
Lens hoods help reduce the shapes and streaks of color that bright light may cause in your photograph called lens flare. But that is not the only thing a hood can do.
Using a lens may also help make the colors in your pictures look richer. It helps stop you from getting blown out pictures.
If you desire to use flare as a creative effect in your photo you won't use a hood, obviously.
Digital Photography Fundamentals - Protect Your Lens
Since the hood stands apart from the front of the lens the way it does it may help protect your lens from damage. That's not the aim of a hood, but it may act as added protection to prevent things in contact with the glass at the front of the lens.
It may also help protect your lens from getting dust or water on the front element.
Digital Photography Fundamentals - Possible Problems with Lens Hoods
Sometimes hoods can cause difficulties with your pictures. If your hood is too large it may block your camera's built-in flash. If that's happening you'll see that your picture is darker at the bottom.
Sometimes you may notice vignetting if you use a specific lens hood. This all depends upon the lens your using and the size of the hood. Lenses with a wider field of view cannot use longer hoods. If you use a hood made for the particular lens your using, you would not have this issue.
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